About the Tradition
Chhath Puja is the most ancient and grandest festival of Bihar, dedicated to the Sun God (Surya) and Chhathi Maiya. Spanning four days of strict fasting and holy bathing, devotees express gratitude to the sun for sustaining life on earth. It is unique because it features offerings to both the setting sun and the rising sun, symbolizing the cycle of life. Key Rituals: 1. Nahay Khay: Devotees take a holy dip in the river and prepare a satvik meal of bottle gourd, rice, and chana dal. 2. Kharna: A day of fasting broken in the evening after worshiping the sun and moon, with kheer (rice pudding made with jaggery) and rotis. 3. Sandhya Arghya: Devotees stand in water at riverbanks to offer prayers (arghya) and seasonal fruits, thekua (a special wheat-jaggery cookie), and flowers to the setting sun. 4. Usha Arghya: The final day's early morning offering to the rising sun, marking the successful completion of the fast. Significance: Chhath Puja is highly democratic and pure; it does not involve any priests or temples, emphasizing direct connection between humans and nature. It is celebrated with absolute cleanliness and devotion across Bihar.